What’s a ‘type' or a ‘kind’?

If 2 or more things have something in common, then they are types - of that commonality. If the commonality lies in the name/identity of those things, then they are types in the typical sense - typical formal sense. Also, that (name/identity) is the “largest” commonality or overlap amongst them. And of course those entities are known distinctly by the different/unique characteristics of theirs. For example, a phone and laptop - what do they have in common? They are both electronic devices. So they are types of electronic devices. But a cell phone and a landline phone are such that their commonality - phone - lies in their names and primary identities. So they are types in the more formal sense - types of phones. Also, that’s the largest overlap between them (phoneness). And the cell phone is known by what's different/unique/distinguishing in it (cellular/mobile) and so is a landline phone (landline/fixed line). Also is a case when one of the 2 entities can include the other entirely. For example, a laptop can have a phone and a phone can have all the features of a laptop. Or a TV can have a digital watch or a digital watch can have aTV. This can be seen as the merging of the types. Also is a case that one type can be improvised and used as/instead of the other type. A briefcase and a pillow are types of rectangular solids, and a briefcase can be used as a pillow (a support for the head while lying down). Conversely, if one thing can be used as another thing, then the two are types in some sense. When you alter even one of the properties of something, you get a type. Or, partial differences lead to types. The entities become types based on those properties which you don't alter. If you alter every property of something you get a different thing altogether. Even in analogies, one alternate pair’s elements (amongst the four elements) are types of something. They are types because they relate to 2 different things IN THE SAME WAY. For example, cars have wheels, and humans have legs. Consider the alternate pair - wheels and legs. Wheels relate to cars in the same way as legs relate to humans. And thus legs and wheels are types (of mobility instruments or whatever). Types of a thing have some analogous or corresponding properties, which might be same, or varying (in which case the varying properties can themselves be seen to be types of some sub-component of the original thing). Men and women have many corresponding properties. And one varying property - say, hands - can themselves be referred to as types of hands. Some types are such that every property in one has a corresponding/analogous property in the other. (E.g. - dog and a cat, or man and woman). In such cases the number of similarities plus the number of differences make up the number of all the properties of each. ‘Examples’ are equivalent to ‘types/kinds’.